World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In the 1970s, it focused on loans to developing world countries, shifting away from that mission in the 1980s. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its loan strategy is influenced by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, as well as environmental and social safeguards., the World Bank is run by a president and 25 executive directors, as well as 29 various vice presidents. IBRD and IDA have 189 and 174 member countries, respectively. The U.S., Japan, China, Germany and the U.K. have the most voting power. The bank aims loans at developing countries to help reduce poverty. The bank is engaged in several global partnerships and initiatives, and takes a role in working toward addressing climate change. The World Bank operates a number of training wings, and it works with the Clean Air Initiative and the UN Development Business. It works within the Open Data Initiative and hosts an Open Knowledge Repository.
The World Bank has been criticized as promoting inflation and harming economic development, causing protests in 1988 and 2000. There has also been criticism of the bank's governance and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The president David Malpass faced strong criticism as he challenged the scientific consensus on climate change. He was replaced by Ajay Banga, supporting climate action. Provided by Wikipedia
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Global Economic Prospects, June 2017 : a Fragile Recovery. by World Bank Group, World Bank
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Global Economic Prospects, June 2018 : the Turning of the Tide?. by World Bank Group, World Bank
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Global Economic Prospects, January 2018 : Broad-Based Upturn, but for How Long?. by World Bank Group, World Bank
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International debt statistics 2015. by World Bank
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Little Data Book 2007 by World Bank
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Implementing the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative: Applying Early Lessons from the Field / World Bank. by World Bank
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Republic of Iraq Public Expenditure Review : Toward More Efficient Spending for Better Service Delivery. by The World Bank
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The World Bank Group's Response to the Global Economic Crisis : Phase I. by Group, World Bank
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Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011. by Group, World Bank
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Global Economic Prospects, June 2016 : Divergences and Risks. by Group, World Bank
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The Human Capital Index 2020 Update Human Capital in the Time of COVID-19. by World Bank, World
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Cities and Climate Change : Responding to an Urgent Agenda. by Group, World Bank
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Africa Development Indicators 2010 ; Silent and Lethal : How Quiet Corruption Undermines Africa's Development Efforts. by Group, World Bank
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Doing Business in 2004 : Understanding Regulation. by Staff, World Bank
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Challenges to Enterprise Performance in the Face of the Financial Crisis : Eastern Europe and Central Asia. by Group, World Bank
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The Future of the Natural Gas Market in Southeast Europe. by Group, World Bank
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The Global HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). by Group, World Bank
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Global Development Horizons 2011 : Multipolarity - The New Global Economy. by Group, World Bank
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Lights Out? : the Outlook for Energy in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. by Group, World Bank
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World Development Indicators 2011. by Group, World Bank
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